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Notebook (Laptops) Handheld (PDA's-HPC's)
Which Features Are Most Important?
Form Factor: Depends on Your Needs
Weight: Between 3 and 5 Pounds
Display: 14-Inch or Larger
Memory: 64MB or More
Hard Drive Size: 6.4GB or Larger
Battery: Lithium Ion, About 3 Hours or Better
Input Device
CPU: 2GHz or Better
Ports, Slots, and Bays
Durability
Bundled Software
 
What Options Should I Consider?
Removable Storage
DVDW
 
How Much Should I Spend?
Budget: Under $1,800
Business User: $1,800 to 2,500
Desktop Replacement: $2,500 to $5,000-plus
802.11B Wireless: $1,800 to $3,500-plus
Shipping Costs: $25 and $50
 
Do I Want a Business or a Home Notebook?
Little Difference Between the Two
Corporate Matters
 
How Do I Get on the Internet With a Notebook?
Get an ISP
Include a Modem
Extras
 
Can I Upgrade My Notebook?
With Some Difficulty
Save Money by Thinking Ahead
Go External for Other Peripherals
 
How Should I Pay?
Always Use a Credit Card
Avoid Restocking Fees
Leasing and loans don't always pay off
 
How Can I Choose a Reliable Brand?
Know Thy Warranty
Ask Other Buyers
What Types of Handhelds Are Out There?
Wireless HPCs and PDA Phones
Palm Devices
Alternatives
 
Why Would I Want a Handheld?
Access to Personal Information
Communications
Data Manipulation
 
What's the Difference Between an HPC and a Notebook?
Function
Size
Battery Life
Operating System
 
Do I Need a Handheld or Notebook?
You May Need Both
 
Can I Go Online With a Handheld?
E-Mail Is Pretty Easy
The Web Is Limited
Wireless Connectivity isn't always Included
 
How Much Should I Spend?
Budget: Under $300
Executive: $300 to $1,000
Don't Forget Accessories
 
How Much Memory Should I Get?
More Memory Is Usually Better
Memory Amounts Vary by Platform
 
What Features Should I Look For?
Video Screen Quality
Audio
Rechargeable Batteries
Storage Capacity
Available Software Titles
 
How Should I Pay?
Always Use a Credit Card
Avoid Restocking Fees
 
How Can I Choose A Reliable Brand?
Know Thy Warranty
Ask Other Buyers

 

Which Features Are Most Important?

Form Factor: Depends on Your Needs

Today's notebooks come in a staggering variety of sizes, shapes, and weights. To make an informed purchase, you need to have a sense of your mobile work style before you buy. For example, if you are buying a notebook for occasionally bringing work home, you may not mind trading a pound or two for the comforts of a big screen and keyboard and access to all drives at once. In general, the more mobile you are, the lower your tolerance for heavy notebooks.

Notebooks now come with wireless "WiFi" support formats for easy 802.11b connections. As well as hybrid formats with thin, detachable wedges that let you work either as a desktop replacement or as thin-and-light. If aesthetics are as important to you—you're going to be typing away in full view of everyone on the plane, so you might as well inspire envy—some of the newer magnesium-alloy cases sport a silver-metallic color.

Weight: Between 3 and 5 Pounds

Though notebooks cover a broad spectrum of weights, the bulk of the units on the market fall into the 3 to 5 lbs. range. Workhorse notebooks and desktop replacements fall at the higher end of the scale, while mini-notebooks can be as light as 3 pounds.

There are two different ways of thinking about the weight of a notebook: the base weight (its weight without any accessories and sometimes even without the battery) and its travel weight. So for example, if you need to take a CDRW drive with you on the road, you should remember to factor its weight into the total, as well as any extra batteries, AC adapters, external drives, and so on that you will need to carry.

Display: 14-Inch or Larger Active Matrix

For instance, if portability is paramount, most of the lightest machines are equipped with 13-inch or smaller LCDs. Midrange notebooks' easy-on-the-eyes 13-inch displays should satisfy most users, and many everyday users will find 14.-inch screens well within their budget. If you take your PowerPoint presentations on the road or intend to use the machine as a desktop replacement, you should certainly make sure that you get a 14.1-inch screen, which delivers the same viewable real estate as a 15-inch desktop monitor. Some high-end notebooks now include 17-inch LCDs for even more viewing area.

Better Budget Screens
Most notebooks now ship with active-matrix screens (also called thin-film transistor, or TFT). But if you're really driven by value and don't run graphics software or play video games, models with dual-scan displays are a bargain at less than $500. And LCD makers continue to improve the quality of passive-matrix displays through High-Contrast Addressing technology, which aims to refine brightness and contrast while reducing ghosting. Still, with active-matrix screens pushing down on the price point, it's worth paying for one if you can.

Presenters and Gamers
Notebook manufacturers ensure that their products have the right graphics-chip/memory configuration to support the native resolution of the panel—typically 1,024x768 at (XGA colors) in mainstream notebooks. Though finding a notebook that delivers 1,024x768 resolution on external CRT monitors is not difficult, people who do a lot of presentations should make sure that the external refresh rate supports 75MHz or higher with 16-bit (65,536 colors) or better external color depth.

For gamers, highend graphics chips are finally starting to appear for notebooks that offer hardware 3-D acceleration and AGP support.

Memory: 512MB or More

The more applications you run simultaneously, the larger the files you load, and the more complex your operating system, the more RAM you'll need. Too little memory can undermine a fast processor, forcing it to retrieve data from the much slower hard drive. As with desktops, we recommend 1GB of RAM; you won't need more unless you plan to run true robust video editing software.

Hard Drive Size: 40GB or Larger

Mainstream Sizes
Most notebook configurations today start with at least a 80GB hard drive, though mini-notebooks may have less. Though that is more than enough for users who don't consider their laptop their primary system, it's a good idea for more avid mobile users to spring for a 120GB drive—typical choices on midpriced ($3,500) systems. Space constraints in notebooks slowed the adoption of larger hard drives for a while, but now 200GB and even larger hard drives are making up for lost time.

Limited Upgradability
Notebook drives are not so easily interchangeable—another good reason to buy more storage up front. If you think you might want to upgrade, find out if the notebook's drive is user-upgradable first, then be sure that the drive you buy is compatible with your specific brand of notebook. In many cases, it's safest to simply buy the upgrade from the notebook manufacturer.

Battery: Lithium Ion, About 3 Hours or Better

Lithium-ion (Li+) batteries have replaced nickel metal-hydride (NiMH) cells in all but the lowest-priced notebooks, but ensure you're getting the longer-lived Li+. You can assess battery life by comparing manufacturer-estimated runtimes, but remember that your usage patterns may deliver different results. When shopping, ask the sales rep to describe the milliampere (mAh) rating and voltage (higher is better for both measurements), which appear on the battery itself. The ratings don't guarantee performance, but they offer a good rule of thumb.


Input Device

Today's notebooks generally include either a pointing stick, a touch pad, or both. Pointing sticks sit in the center of the keyboard between the G and H keys. To navigate around the screen, you apply pressure in the direction you want the cursor to move. Touch pads consist of a square-shaped piece of touch-sensitive material located just under the space bar; to navigate, you move your finger around as if you are drawing. Which device to choose depends on your personal preference, though it's not usually a make-or-break feature in a notebook.

Although many notebooks include programmable function keys you can use to launch applications or macros (automated scripts), some larger companies such as HP and IBM are adding keys specifically devoted to Internet features such as launching a browser or search engine. These bear user-friendly labels and simple onscreen instructions to help you reassign the key functions. These models also sometimes ship with "Internet scroll" wheels—essentially scroll locks so you can page up and down easily without maneuvering the cursor to the browser's scroll bars.

CPU: 2GHz or Better

You need not fuss too much about the CPU. Because notebook designs are generally less flexible than those of desktops, it's common to find that you can't get the feature/price mix you want with a specific CPU. The general rule of thumb is to hold firm on the features and price you want, and live with a different CPU than you intended if you must. Besides, many of the 2GHz cpus offer similar real-world performance. You're more likely to find notebook, which is fine for the limited tasks it's designed for—standard productivity applications such as using word processors and spreadsheets, and retrieving e-mail and web browsing.

Ports, Slots, and Bays

Ports
Just about all notebooks include a standard complement of parallel and serial ports, plus the external monitor connection, In addition, notebooks offer at least two USB port; some add an IEEE 1394 (FireWire or i.Link) port to some models. USB is handy for external drives and digital cameras; IEEE 1394 is more for those who want to use their notebook to edit video from compatible camcorders.

Slots
Typical notebooks offer two PCMCIA Card Type II slots (which also can hold one Type III card). Some mini-notebooks include just one Type II slot. Though you may need two if you need to install both a PC Card-based drive and a Wireless LAN card.

Bays
Find out how many removable bays the notebook includes. Many models have a universal bay that will accept drives or secondary batteries, letting you configure the system in several ways.


Durability

It's hard to know beforehand which models will stand the tests of the road, but examining them in person can give you an idea. Corporate users who are in the field a lot may want to consider models with magnesium-alloy designs and shock-resistant hard drive mounts specifically designed to add protection against drops and knocks. Spill-resistant keyboards are also available on select models.

Bundled Software

Productivity
Just about all PCs include office-productivity applications of one sort or another, preferably in a suite such as one of the incarnations of Microsoft Office.

Internet Access
Many services such as MSN, AOL, AT&T WorldNet include their sign-up software as part of Windows XP. Some vendors go further by providing their own step-by-step setup process to help you get connected.

Mobile Executives, Personal Finance, and Edutainment
For a little bit extra, you can usually pick from software bundles targeted at various demographic groups—business travelers, homeowners, students, and gamers.

Operating System
In addition to the traditional choices of operating systems, more vendors than ever are qualifying their notebooks and preinstalling them with Windows XP.

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What Options Should I Consider?

Removable Storage

Arguably more common in notebooks than DVD drives are CDRW drives. As with hard drives, your upgrade choices are slim. If you're already committed to a specific format and there's no internal version for your brand of notebook, you may well need to buy an external model. These may plug into the USB port, or Firewire port.

DVDRW

Movies to Go
It may sound frivolous, but DVD movies are a great way to kill a couple of hours on a flight. Many newer notebooks allow for two hours of continuous DVD play or burn before the batteries go dead, but check with the manufacturer if you aren't sure. Clearly, this is not an essential business purpose, so choosing a notebook with a DVDRW is perfectly reasonable.

Hardware Video in and out
In general, it's a good idea to make sure the notebook includes easy hook up for your alternate video hardware plug n play devices.

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How Much Should I Spend?

Business User: $1,800 to 2,500

Essentials
With a nice mix of performance and affordable pricing, this is what the average suit in economy class packs. These systems also make sense for people who mainly use notebooks to work at home rather than for heavy-duty traveling, and many notebooks marketed toward home users share similar form factors to business notebooks.

The 2GHz INTEL or AMD occupy the low end of this price spectrum. The 3GHz and faster tend to be in pricier configurations.

Desktop Replacement: $2,500 to $5,000-plus

It's becoming increasingly difficult to separate loaded-for-bear desktop replacements from workhorse notebooks, as many of the features aren't much different. Look under the hood, and you'll find at least 512MB of RAM (512MB and 1GB is not uncommon), 60GB hard drives (you're just as likely to find 80GB or more), and a DVDRW drive. Desktop replacements tend to sport 15-inch XGA and TFT screen, and often tip the scales at a shoulder-sagging 4.5 pounds or more.

802.11b Wireless: $1,800 to $3,500-plus

These featherweights, which range from under 3 pounds to about 5 pounds with light weight AC adapters, are for those who want to be as light-footed as possible while trudging through airports--mobile executives who need to run basic business applications and access e-mail are prime candidates. Though many ultraportables feature full-fledged wireless connectivity more notebooks with docking stations are less common.. Many feature eye-catching magnesium-alloy cases designed as much for attracting attention from onlookers on the airplane as for reducing the weight. Notebook Lite These models are for those who want all the capabilities of a traditional notebook in a slimmer package. They're generally less than 1.5 inches thick and include one of several AMD or INTEL CPU choices.

Shipping Costs: $25 and $50

Don't assume that the vendor who has the lowest price will cost you the least overall. If getting the lowest price is your top priority, after searching on computershopper.com, contact several vendors and verify the sales tax and shipping charges before buying. The typical shipping charge for a notebook ranges from $25 to $50 or so. These charges are also nonrefundable, so don't buy a system casually with the intent to return it unless you're willing to swallow the shipping cost.

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Do I Want a Business or a Home Notebook?

Little Difference Between the Two

As with desktops, notebook features that an average home user needs differ little from those of the average office work portable. Optional PC Card-based adapters or even built-in wireless network cards are a few of the exceptions that appear on many business notebooks.

Corporate Matters

Some manufacturers have corporate product lines whose component lineup changes less frequently so that a company can buy the same unit down the road as it grows (e.g., when the sales force expands). Many of these notebooks come preinstalled with Windows XP Pro if you want it. Last, corporate-oriented notebooks tend to have more elaborate speeds of bandwith controls like "G" options with USB & Bluetooth devices for super WiFi LAN mobile technology connectivity.

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How Do I Get on the Internet With a Notebook?

Get an ISP

Many services (such as MSN, AOL, AT&T WorldNet) include their sign-up software as part of Windows XP. Some vendors go further by providing their own step-by-step setup process to help you get connected.

Include a Modem

Built-in modems have made a comeback, so chances are the notebook you are considering already has a jack and 56Kbps capability right out of the box. Most require you to use a separate PCMCIA wireless adapters, which often connects easy to your Home / Office environment configurations.

Extras

Increasingly, larger vendors such as HP and IBM have begun including other Internet features on their notebooks. These include dedicated keys that can be programmed to connect to the Web and bring up your favorite pages, and various "Internet scroll" features that make it easier to move up and down on Web pages without having to maneuver the cursor into position constantly using a pointing stick or touch pad.

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Can I Upgrade My Notebook?

With Some Difficulty

Notebooks Are Mostly Proprietary
Unlike desktops, where the case is relatively easy to open and most components are interchangeable as long as you match up the right interface to the right slot, socket, or port, notebooks are still largely proprietary closed boxes. Graphics, sound, and often modems (unless they are PC Card-based) are generally inaccessible to users wishing to upgrade. Upgrading RAM and hard drives is often possible to do without sending back the notebook to the manufacturer, but check whether the components are user-installable. Adding DVDRW and other drives after the fact is sometimes possible if you have that available USB ports, but you generally must buy the manufacturer's own replacement parts if a internal component breaks.

Approved RAM and Hard Drives
Although both memory and hard drives are standard components, you have a different set of compatibility issues on a notebook than a desktop. For example, an SODIMM memory module from one vendor may plug into your notebook, but it may not function correctly.

As for hard drives, all notebook drives are 2.5 inches in diameter, but the height—generally 9.5mm and 12.5mm—will determine whether your notebook can accept it. If you buy a bare drive, you'll need to reuse the drive cage and cable to which your current drive is connected. BIOS support in notebooks is often limited to a handful of hard drive models, so not all drives will work with all notebooks. Last, transferring the drivers and the software from one drive to another can be challenging.

Save Money by Thinking Ahead

Whether you choose to buy a third-party kit or a drive sanctioned by the notebook manufacturer, you'll pay a premium to upgrade after the fact. If you think you'll need more memory, a larger hard drive, or DVDRW drive down the road, you might as well pay more for a better-equipped notebook up front.

Go External for Other Peripherals

Once you have a notebook, the best way to add most peripherals such as CDRW or DVDRW drives is to buy external models. These drives may plug into the Firewire port, the USB port, or a PC Card controller.

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How Should I Pay?

Always Use a Credit Card

You don't forfeit your rights as a consumer if you pay by check, money order, check card, or debit card, but you forfeit the most practical way to enforce those rights—credit-card companies' clout—if there's a problem with the product or its delivery. Under the Fair Credit Billing Act, you have 60 days from the occurrence of the problem in which to report the details in writing. No credit-card company guarantees it will solve every problem or issue a chargeback for every disputed purchase, but the power of the creditor is often the heaviest weapon you can wield. Many debit cards now limit your liability to $50 in the event of fraud, but the money is already out of your checking account. It's the same with checks and even worse with money orders—they're the equivalent of cash.

Avoid Restocking Fees

It's the sometimes shocking reason you should always read the fine print: Restocking fees—often 15 to 20 percent of your total purchase price—can take a big bite out of a money-back return policy. Be sure to ask about the existence and terms of any restocking policies before you buy. Often, different restocking fees apply to different types of products or even to different parts of a system purchase. PC hardware, for instance, might be returnable without a restocking fee, but bundled software may be subject to a fee or nonreturnable once opened.

Leasing and loans don't always pay off

Once the province of businesses looking for a tax benefit, leasing has become a means for some buyers to purchase computer products they couldn't otherwise afford. In general, borrowing is not a savvy way to buy a peripheral because their value depreciates so rapidly. Of course, borrowing/leasing is always more expensive than buying outright if you keep the product at the end. (Indeed, leasing works for businesses in part because they can trade in their products and lease new ones in bulk at the end of the day.) Before you borrow or lease, consider stepping down your feature requirements as well as calculating your total cost, including any buyout charges at the end of a lease.

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How Can I Choose A Reliable Brand?

Know Thy Warranty

All things being equal, a three-year warranty is obviously more attractive than a one-year warranty. But sometimes, a solid one-year plan—one that covers parts and labor on all components, not just some, and includes onsite service at your discretion rather than at the vendor's—can be better than three years of haggling and headaches. Ask for a thorough, preferably written, explanation of the company's warranty, including which contractor or subcontractor it uses to provide onsite service in your area. Ask questions such as: Who decides when phone support has failed and onsite service is necessary? Must you install replacement parts yourself? Who pays for return shipping for major repairs? Is a loaner system available during downtime?


Ask Other Buyers

Advice from trusted colleagues is always a good recourse, as long as you keep in mind that a single person's experience with a company doesn't guarantee that yours will be the same.


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What Types of Handhelds Are Out There?

Wireless HPCs and PDA Phones

Wireless Windows like handheld PCs (HPCs) are available in various worldwide versions. HPCs are intended primarily as portable devices that serve as PC companions, supplementing a primary desktop or notebook.

HPCs have a clamshell design; touch screens or finger keyboards rather than the onscreen virtual keyboards used by some other handhelds; and high screen resolutions. Most HPCs have color screens. Most HPCs have a built in digital camera features. An internal microphone for voice recording and video and audio playback from a tiny internal speaker, SD, MMC and CompactFlash memory cards provide removable secure storage. HPCs utilize Bluetooth technology and infrared wirelesss transceivers and transmitters. Many come with built-in wireless components so it can be use as a cell phone. Most also use rechargeable batteries, with battery life ranging from up to 48 hours.

Software included on HPCs comprises simular to lite versions of email programs, word processing, spreadsheet, and presentation software; personal-information-management applications to organize notes, schedules, tasks, and contacts; communication utilities; and a clock and a calculator. The HPCs also have easy to use database capabilities and considerable ability to communicate with e-mail servers. Many see the HPC devices serving as notebook alternatives for executives who don't need access to full-fledged productivity applications.

Palm Devices

Palm-size devices are designed to be held in one hand and used for reference to personal schedules, tasks, and contact lists—as well as for minor editing. Lacking a keyboard, these diminutive managers use a stylus and handwriting recognition as their primary means of data input. There are also tiny onscreen virtual keyboards if you want to tap out your entries. Palm-size devices can synchronize data with regular PCs using included synchronization software and cradles.

Alternatives

Some brand-name handhelds that don't run Windows CE or the 3Com Palm OS include models from Psion (particularly popular in Europe). OQO , (particularly popular in USA). Some of these manufacturers pride themselves on having the complete all in one solution to a handheld PC. These devices all have small but multifunctional simular to Windows XP type screens. They offer small finger keyboards, and ports for easy data transmission. They can all synchronize data with PCs as well.

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Why Would I Want a Handheld?

Access to Personal Information

The primary reason for using a handheld computer is to keep track of your schedule, to-do list, and contacts. The devices vary widely in the number of entries and amount of detail they handle, but all let you synchronize with a conventional PC to keep the data on both devices up-to-date. The major benefit promised and delivered is that you won't be stuck without current important information.

In all cases, you can synchronize directly with a PC, usually by Bluetooth, USB and infrared. Some devices also let you synchronize via wireless WiFi 802.11b or via the Internet.

Communications

Though still in their infancy, wireless services let you do a number of tasks. For instance, send and receive e-mail, upload and download pictures and videos, surf webpages, and even access secure web-based company network information with a handheld device when you are away from your desktop. You'll have better luck with wireless coverage if you live and work in major metropolitan areas.

To communicate using a handheld, you have to run applications built for the device—since not all desktop applications will work. Although most devices have built in operating system software and programs we use on our standard desktop system. Many include software to send e-mail and browse the Web.

Data Manipulation

Most handhelds come with note-taking applications and e-mail-composition programs—especially those with keyboards. Handheld devices also often include software that can import and read word processing, spreadsheet, and now even larger database files.

You can also use a handheld as a portable presentation tool. Windows CE HPCs and HPC Pros come with Pocket PowerPoint, a limited version of the desktop program that lets you display—but not edit—presentations. Third-party programs will let you edit PowerPoint slides.

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What's the Difference Between an HPC and a Notebook?

Function

Handheld PCs, especially HPC Professional class devices, certainly appear to be similar to notebooks—from the clamshell design down to the keyboard. But notebooks and handhelds serve different purposes, and so have different benefits and limitations.

For example, handheld devices feature smaller size, lighter weight, instant-on startup, greater battery life, and a more rugged design because there are no internal moving parts. On the other hand, notebook PCs have the benefits of significantly greater storage area and the ability to run full versions of the same software you run on a desktop PC.

You need a notebook PC if you require access to a lot of data while mobile as well as the ability to edit and produce documents with full versions of applications. Notebook users can operate independently of other computers; handhelds are all about synchronizing with others. Typical notebook users range from the occasionally mobile to the highly mobile, along with people who only want one PC, but lack desktop space. Though notebooks are slower to start up, they generally run faster than handhelds on many productivity applications.

Size

Notebook PCs are available in a variety of classes and sizes, with the smallest models roughly the size of the largest HPC—about 1x9.5x7.5 inches (HWD) with the cover closed. The heaviest HPC and the lightest notebooks weigh just less than 3 pounds. Most notebooks are larger and heavier than these examples, and most handheld PCs are smaller and lighter.

These models are still too large to carry in a shirt or dress-jacket pocket, but they are easy to carry to meetings or to slip into a briefcase or a backpack without taking up much room.

Battery Life

HPCs and similar handhelds run two to five times longer per charge than notebook PCs because they lack moving parts and their CPU, memory, and other components are designed for low power consumption. Expect notebooks to run from 6 to 12 hours—some of the lightest notebooks actually run for less than 4 hours.

Color HPCs can run from 8 to 24 hours, HPC's devices, which users tend to turn on and off more often, but for shorter periods, can run from one week to one month or more.

Notebooks and handhelds both use rechargeable batteries. Some handheld devices can also run on disposable alkaline batteries if your charge runs out and you're not near AC power.


Operating System

Notebook users don't need to convert file formats to swap data between the devices. That said, synchronization software takes care of these things pretty cleanly for handhelds with the applications supported. The downsides of using a full-blown operating system are that it requires a lot of storage space and it includes features mobile users won't access.

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Do I Need a Handheld or a Notebook?

You May Need Both

Handheld devices and notebook PCs are not mutually exclusive. You may want both a notebook PC and a handheld device if you need data with you at all times. For example, mobile workers may do a large volume of work in a temporary office, on an airplane, or in a hotel room, then pick up the handheld to attend appointments and meetings. Besides, whipping out a notebook can be ungainly during a lunch meeting in a restaurant, while a handheld can be a valuable, unobtrusive asset.

You can also use a notebook PC as a desktop replacement that you move only between your office and your home. The handheld might go with you on the road.

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Can I Go Online With a Handheld?

E-Mail Is Pretty Easy

Though handheld devices can be able e-mail companions, you should give careful thought both to the quantity and the type of e-mail you send and receive, and the service or method you use to access e-mail.

If you use a standard POP3 or IMAP4 mail server, chances are you'll be able to find software and setup information to access e-mail while you travel with a PDA. Wireless messaging already plays a big role in HPC devices.

The Web Is Limited

As with e-mail access, getting to the Web through a handheld is possible, but it requires that you have a an ISP, and software correctly configured for your device and for your ISP. With some devices such as the larger HPCs, your display when on the Web will be similar to that which you see from a desktop or a notebook computer. With smaller-form-factor devices, you'll likely see partial scrollable screens. Some software for Palm devices actually cuts out most of the graphics, downloading and displaying only text content.

Standard browsing can be difficult on the smallest displays, so all Palm-size PCs include a Windows feature called Mobile Channels to download select Web pages. And 3Com has proposed a wireless Web update feature in future devices that downloads specific types of data such as stock quotes and weather into predefined templates on the Palm-size device.

Internet access by non-PC devices is a hot topic with manufacturers, software vendors, ISPs, and wireless-service carriers, so a great increase in Web access is likely during the next several years.

Wireless Connectivity isn't always Included

Most HPCs come with internal 802.11b chip as a internet connecting component, but most Palm-size devices do not.
Some Palm-size devices accept proprietary clip-on modems or GPS adapter that attach to the bottom or the back of the unit. Other models use modems built into the docking unit.

If you want to be in touch almost everywhere you travel, you may want to consider a wireless 802.11b connection signal. In many parts of the country, such as the typical major metropolitan areas, wireless-adapter service is available using GSM technology for prices ranging from $50 to $65 a month for unlimited access.

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How Much Should I Spend?

Budget: Under $300

If you're on a budget, stick with a low end model HPC or Palm-size device. Current PalmOne PC prices start at just under $300. In this category, you'll likely buy a 64MB of RAM PDA or Windows CE Palm-size PC. No modem will be included at this price, and rechargeable batteries and docking stations may also be options, although the devices will include at least a usb cable for connection to a PC for data synchronization.

HPCs in this range feature displays and 64MB of RAM, although these models are quickly disappearing. Consider, though, that older models may not be ready for future software.

Executive: $300 to $1,000

If you aren't budget-restricted and seek the best designs and features, you're in luck in terms of choices. As always with computing devices, you should consider ahead of time how you'll use a high-end PDA, in this case balancing size vs. power. Top-level HPCs and Palm units cost up to $500; the high-end HPCs cost as much as $1,000.

Midpriced color HPCs run in the $500 to $700 range if you don't want to spend the dollars on a Professional unit but want more than a Palm-size device can offer.

Don't Forget Accessories

Some users take what they get in the box and never add options. To get the most from a handheld PC, however, consider the wide and growing range of available accessories, both from the device manufacturer and from third-party vendors.
To increase productivity, nothing helps like extra memory. Memory expansion cards can also increase the value of your device a great deal. Memory cards are available in fixed sizes depending on the device.

Other options for handheld and Palm-size PDAs include a wide variety of functional and designer cases, wireless GPS adapters, external keyboards, barcode readers, and stylus three-packs to cover the inevitable loss or misplacement.

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How Much Memory Should I Get?

More Memory Is Usually Better

Most handhelds come with a standard suite of applications in ROM; new applications are stored in RAM. Memory is also used to store your data, so if you are the type that likes to load productivity apps, utilities, and games on your desktop, you're likely to need more memory on your handheld as well. That said, if you need a handheld just to organize your contacts, even 64MB Palm-size devices may suffice.

Performance of individual programs and of the overall device may improve with more memory, as software often uses available memory for data manipulation—in this case, the more memory available, the faster the processes are completed.

Memory Amounts Vary by Platform

64
MB is adequate for the vast majority of users—in fact, the priciest executive model has only 2GB. If you choose a PalmOne PC, 128MB is adequate, and 512MB should take care of people who like to do more than collect data. Even die-hard users will probably need no more than 1GB.

Third-party memory upgrades are available for PDAs in amounts that exceed the vendor specifications or options. Although many users are happy with such upgrades, you should be aware that exceeding the manufacturer's specifications, and in some cases just opening the case of the handheld, usually will void the warranty.


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What Features Should I Look for?

Video Screen Quality

Perhaps the single most important feature on a handheld device is the display quality. If you can't read the screen easily when you are in a hurry, if the display is too dim, or if the device just doesn't fit enough data onscreen for your needs, you'll be unhappy whatever the rest of the features. Displays used in handheld PCs include backlit and nonbacklit passive-matrix screens and various active-matrix technologies.

An often-overlooked factor is screen readability in varied lighting. A display should be easy to read in both incandescent lighting (usually found in homes) and fluorescent lighting (in most offices). Even more difficult, but worth considering, is the screen's readability in daylight. TFT technology in HPCs is used on some PalmOne devices and improves daylight visibility while degrading the readability in artificial light only slightly.


Audio

Almost all handhelds include limited sound quality, so be sure your appreciate the audio output and volume. PalmOne PCs and HPCs have voice-recording capability, including an internal microphone and speaker and software. In addition to using voice recorders for notes and memos, some devices can run limited voice-recognition programs for application command and control.

Some devices have headphone or earphone jacks, and some devices also have a jack for an external microphone. Some devices will play MP3 music files and .MPEG and .AVI video-audio files with appropriate software.

Rechargeable Batteries

Most handhelds come with rechargeable batteries. Technologies used for rechargeable batteries include nickel-cadmium, nickel metal-hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion. Most devices can work with only one type of battery, but some can run on multiple types, including alkalines.

Battery-recharge times are typically 2 to 4 hours, good for anywhere from one day to one month's use. Most devices will also run on AC power and come with a compact AC adapter for use when an outlet is handy; in some cases, the AC adapter may cost extra.

Note that if your batteries run low, you often must recharge or replace them quickly to avoid data loss.

Storage Capacity

Internal memory for data storage on handheld devices typically ranges from 64MB to 256MB RAM, with the exception of credit card-size devices, which may have less than 32MB of storage. Though the operating system and the standard applications are usually burned into ROM, the RAM is used to hold extra programs and data.

There are various ways to increase the storage capacity of handheld devices: memory upgrades and removable storage. Memory upgrades include authorized upgrades and third-party upgrades. Removable memory storage cards are convenient, if expensive. Avoid devices that use proprietary storage-card formats because they will tend to cost more than standard flash memory cards. Most HPC's can use CompactFlash and Secure Digtal, MMC, SmartMedia and Memory Stick flash-memory cards.


Available Software Titles

All handheld devices include at least rudimentary personal-information-management programs to help you keep track of your schedule, tasks, to-do lists, and contacts. Synchronization software for updating the data and coordinating it with information on your PC is also standard.

The range of additional titles for handheld devices includes file-transfer utilities; backup utilities; personal financial applications including budget utilities, expense trackers, investment programs, and security programs; communications programs; mapping and navigation programs; and games. Some devices also offer digital-imagery programs, and spoken- and music-audio software.

Vertical applications are available for specific fields such as investment, insurance, and medicine. Companies that want to develop custom software have access to development software for many handhelds.

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How Should I Pay?

Always Use a Credit Card

You don't forfeit your rights as a consumer if you pay by check, money order, check card, or debit card, but you forfeit the most practical way to enforce those rights—credit-card companies' clout—if there's a problem with the product or its delivery. Under the Fair Credit Billing Act, you have 60 days from the occurrence of the problem in which to report the details in writing. No credit-card company guarantees it will solve every problem or issue a chargeback for every disputed purchase, but the power of the creditor is often the heaviest weapon you can wield. Many debit cards now limit your liability to $50 in the event of fraud, but the money is already out of your checking account. It's the same with checks and even worse with money orders—they're the equivalent of cash.

Avoid Restocking Fees

It's the sometimes shocking reason you should always read the fine print: Restocking fees—often 15 to 20 percent of your total purchase price—can take a big bite out of a money-back return policy. Be sure to ask about the existence and terms of any restocking policies before you buy. Often, different restocking fees apply to different types of products or even to different parts of a system purchase. PC hardware, for instance, might be returnable without a restocking fee, but bundled software may be subject to a fee or nonreturnable once opened.

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How Can I Choose A Reliable Brand?

Know Thy Warranty

All things being equal, a three-year warranty is obviously more attractive than a one-year warranty. But sometimes, a solid one-year plan—one that covers parts and labor on all components, not just some—can be better than three years of haggling and headaches. Ask questions like: Must you install replacement parts yourself? Who pays for return shipping for major repairs? Is a loaner unit available during downtime?

Ask Other Buyers

Advice from trusted colleagues is always a good recourse, as long as you keep in mind that a single person's experience with a company doesn't guarantee that yours will be the same.


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